Richard Fikes

Professor (Research), Computer Science Department
Director, Knowledge Systems Laboratory

Stanford University

Summary

Richard Fikes has a long and distinguished record as an innovative leader in the development of techniques for effectively representing and using knowledge in computer systems.  He is best known as co-developer of the STRIPS automatic planning system, KIF (Knowledge Interchange Format), the Ontolingua ontology representation language and Web-based ontology development environment, the OKBC (Open Knowledge Base Connectivity) API for knowledge servers, and IntelliCorp's KEE system.  At Stanford, he is leading projects focused on developing large-scale distributed repositories of computer-interpretable knowledge, collaborative development of multi-use ontologies, enabling technology for the Semantic Web, reasoning methods applicable to large-scale knowledge bases, and knowledge-based technology for intelligence analysts.  In recent years, he has been principal investigator of major projects for DARPA in the High Performance Knowledge Base (HPKB) program, the Rapid Knowledge Formation (RKF) program, the DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML) program, the UltraLog program, and the Rapid Design Exploration and Optimization (RaDEO) program.

Degrees

Ph.D., Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, 1968.
M.A., Mathematics, University of Texas at Austin, 1965.
B.A., Mathematics, University of Texas at Austin, 1963 (with honors).

Positions Held

Stanford University

Professor (Research), Computer Science Department, June 91 to present.
Director, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, January 99 to present.
Co-Scientific Director, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, July 91 to January 99.
Consulting Professor, Computer Science Department, March 91 to May 91.
Associate Director, Heuristic Programming Project, Knowledge Systems Laboratory, March 91 to July 91.

Price Waterhouse Technology Centre

Chief Scientist, September 90 to February 91.
Director, Knowledge-Based Systems Program, June 89 to August 90.
Principal Scientist, November 87 to May 89.

IntelliCorp Inc.

Vice President of Research, April 1986 to October 31, 1987.
Director of Research and Development, November 1983 to April 1986.

Xerox Palo Alto Research Center

Member of Research Staff, November 1976 to November 1983.
Cognitive and Instructional Sciences Group, 1980-83
System Sciences Laboratory, 1979-80
Computer Science Laboratory, 1976-79

SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

Senior Mathematician, September 1969 to November 1976

Carnegie-Mellon University, Computer Science Department

Research Associate, September 1968 to September 1969

Professional Honors and Activities

2002

Co-Chairman, Ontologies for the Semantic Web workshop, AAAI 2002 National Conference

2002

Organizing Committee, AAAI Spring Symposium on “Mining Answers from Texts and Knowledge Bases”

2003, 02

Member, program committee, “1st International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2002)” and “2nd International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC2003)”.

2002

DARPA ISAT Analyst’s Associate ad hoc working group

2002, 00

Member, program committee, “Seventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2000)” and  “Eighth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2002)”

1998 

Member, program committee, "Autonomous Agents '98" conference.

1998

Member, program committee, "International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems (FOIS’98)".

1995 

Member, organizing committee of symposium on "Formalizing Contexts", AAAI 1995 Fall Symposium Series.

1995

Member, International Honorary Committee, First World Congress on Intelligent Manufacturing Processes & Systems.

1994 

Co-Chair, ARPA workshop on Ontology Development and Use.

1993 

Program co-chair, 11th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

1992-

Member, Editorial Board of International Journal of Intelligent Systems in Accounting Finance & Management.

1992, 94, 96 

Member, program committee, International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning.

1991- 

Member, IFIP Working Group 12.1 on Knowledge Representation.

1991-93

Member, proposal review committee, Stanford Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE).

1991-

Member, advisory board, Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, Incorporated

1991

Program co-chair, 2nd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning.

1990

Organizer and chair of session on "Qualitative and Causal Models", Third International Symposium on Expert Systems in Business, Finance, and Accounting.

1990

Elected as a Founding Fellow of the AAAI.

1990-93

Member, AAAI Executive Council.

1990-

Working group co-chair, DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort.

1990 

Member, program committee, Sixth IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications.

1989- 

Member, Editorial Board of AAAI Press.

1989-91

Member, Distinguished Panel of Experts for the Advanced Technologies in Information Systems Program of the University of Southern California School of Business Administration School of Accounting.

1989

Organizer and chair of symposium on "Knowledge System Development Tools and Languages", AAAI 1989 Spring Symposium Series.

1988-

Referee for Artificial Intelligence Journal, IEEE Expert, and Journal of Automated Reasoning.

1988

Organizer and chair of session on "Financial Applications of Expert Systems", Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Computer Technology Conference and Exhibition.

1984-

Member, Editorial Board of "Decision Support Systems" journal.

1984, 88

Member, program committee, AAAI National Conference.

1983-86 

Secretary-Treasurer, AAAI.

1982

Organizer, program committee member, and session chair; SIGOA Conference on Office Information Systems.

1976-77

National Chairman, Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence (SIGART) of the Association for Computing Machinery.

1972-74

Newsletter Editor, SIGART.

Invited Lectures and Panel Presentations
 

2002

Ontologies and the Semantic Web, Keynote address, Ontologies for the Semantic Web workshop, AAAI 2002 National Conference

2001

Steps Toward The Semantic Web, PARC Forum Address, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center

2000

Member of panel on “Teaching KR: Challenges and Proposals” at the Seventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR2000)

1998

OKBC: A Programmatic Foundation for Knowledge Base Interoperability, invited speaker, Knowledge Representation and Data Base workshop, in associated with the SIGMOD/PODS’98 conference; May 31, 1998.

1995

Member of panel on SHAKEY the Robot, Bay Area Computer History Perspectives.

1995 

The Stanford How Things Work Project, invited speaker, DARPA SISTO Symposium.

1995 

Member of panel on Knowledge Sharing, AAAI Spring Symposium on Modeling Mental States.

1994

Operator Procedure Verification with a Rapidly Reconfigurable Simulator, invited speaker, 3rd International Symposium on AI, Robotics, and Automation for Space.

1993

The Stanford How Things Work Project, invited speaker, NASA's Seventh Annual Workshop on Space Operations Applications and Research.

1993

Member of panel on The DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort: a Progress Report; 11th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

1993

Member of panel on What's Next in Knowledge Based Systems Technology for Industrial Usage; Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence 5.

1993 

The Stanford How Things Work Project, invited speaker, Autodesk Inc.

1993 

Technology for Reusing Encoded Knowledge, invited speaker, SRI International.

1992 

Member of panel on The DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort: a Progress Report; 3rd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning.

1991

Member of panel on The DARPA Knowledge Representation Standards Effort, 2nd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning.

1990

AI and Software Engineering -- Managing Exploratory Programming, member of panel on AI and Software Engineering, AAAI National Conference.

1990

Using New Technologies in Auditing, invited speaker (with David Scott), Fifth Canadian Conference on Auditing and Computer Technology.

1990 

Modeling and Analyzing Businesses: A High Payoff Challenge for AI, invited speaker, Sixth IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications.

1989

The Business Understander, member of panel on "Intelligent Technologies in Accounting and Auditing" at the Second International Symposium on Expert Systems in Business, Finance, and Accounting.

1989

Building a Foundation for Tomorrow's Expert Systems: Advances in Object-Oriented Modeling, keynote address at the Fifth Australian Conference on Applications of Expert Systems; Sydney Australia.

1989

Author's Critique of KEE, panelist at the symposium on "Knowledge System Development Tools and Languages", AAAI 1989 Spring Symposium Series.

1989

Beyond the Current Plateau, invited speaker at New Science's Third Annual AI Forum, "Information Technology: The Commercial Frontier".

1988

Expert System Technology Today and Tomorrow, Price Waterhouse, Tokyo, Japan.

1988

Expert Systems, invited lecture at the Price Waterhouse High Technology Industry Specialty seminar, Cambridge Massachusetts.

1988, 89

Planning and Managing Successful Expert System Projects, Price Waterhouse, Hong Kong and Sydney, Australia.

1986

The Role of Representation Languages in Acquisition, member of panel on knowledge acquisition at the AAAI National Conference.

1982

Panelist; SIGOA Conference on Office Information Systems.

Teaching Activities
 

1997-ongoing

CS222, “Knowledge Representation”, taught once a year.  (http://leland.stanford.edu/class/cs222/)

1989 

Tutorial lecturer on Managing Expert System Projects, IJCAI Conference.

1989 

Half day customer seminar on Expert System Technology Today and Tomorrow and Planning and Managing Successful Expert System Projects, Price Waterhouse, Melbourne, Australia.

1986

Tutorial lecturer on Artificial Intelligence Programming, AAAI National Conference.

1985 

Tutorial lecturer on Knowledge System Development Tools, Institute for Artificial Intelligence.

1982

Visiting Professor, University of California, Berkeley.

1970,71

Visiting Professor, Stanford University.

Publications

Refereed Articles in Journals and Books

Deborah McGuinness, Richard Fikes, James Hendler, Lynn Stein; DAML+OIL: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web; IEEE Intelligent Systems, September 2002, pp. 72-80.

Deborah L. McGuinness, Richard Fikes, Lynn Andrea Stein, and James Hendler; DAML-ONT: An Ontology Language for the Semantic Web; in Dieter Fensel, Jim Hendler, Henry Lieberman, and Wolfgang Wahlster, editors; The Semantic Web: Why, What, and How, MIT Press, 2002.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/daml-ont-semantic-web.htm.

R. Fikes, A. Farquhar; Large-Scale Repositories of Highly Expressive Reusable Knowledge; IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 14, No. 2, March/April 1999. Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-97-02 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-97-02.html).

G. Frank, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes; Building a Large Knowledge Base from a Structured Source: The CIA World Fact Book; IEEE Intelligent Systems, Vol. 14, No. 1, January/February 1999, pp 47-54.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-98-16 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-16.html).

A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, & J. Rice; The Ontolingua Server: a Tool for Collaborative Ontology Construction; International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 46, No. 6, June 1, 1997, pp. 707-727.  Also, Proceedings of the Tenth Knowledge Acquisition for Knowledge-Based Systems Workshop; Banff, Canada; November 9-14, 1996. Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-96-26 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-96-26.html).

A. Levy, Y. Iwasaki, R. Fikes; Automated Model Selection for Simulation Based on Relevance Reasoning; Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 97, No 2; pp. 351-394.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-95-76 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-95-76.html).

A. Levy, R. Fikes, and Y. Sagiv; Speeding Up Inferences Using Relevance Reasoning: A Formalism and Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 97, No. 1-2; pp. 83-136.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-93-66 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-66.html).

Y. Iwasaki, M. Vescovi, R. Fikes, and B. Chandrasekaran; "Causal Functional Representation Language With Behavior-Based Semantics"; Applied Artificial Intelligence; Vol. 9 No. 1; Taylor & Francis; 1995; pp. 5-32.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-94-10 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-94-10.html).

M. Cutkosky, R. Engelmore, R. Fikes, M. Genesereth, T. Gruber, W. Mark, J. Tenenbaum, J. Weber; "PACT: An Experiment in Integrating Concurrent Engineering Systems"; IEEE Computer Special Issue on Concurrent Engineering; January 1993; pp 28-37.  Also KSL Technical Report KSL-93-21 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-21.html).

R. Nado and R. Fikes, Saying More with Frames: Slots as Classes, Computers and Mathematics with Applications special issue on Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 23, No's 6-9, pp. 719-731, 1992.  Reprinted in Semantic Networks in Artificial Intelligence; Fritz Lehman, editor; Pergamon Press; Tarrytown, New York; 1992.

R. Neches, et al; Enabling Technology for Knowledge Sharing; AI Magazine, Volume 12, Number 3; fall 1991; pp. 36-56. Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-93-22 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-22.html).

T. Malone, R. Fikes, K. Grant, & M. Howard, Enterprise: A Market-like Task Scheduler for Distributed Computing Environments.  In B. A. Huberman (Ed.), The Ecology of Computation, Amsterdam: North Holland, 1988.

R. Fikes, A Representation System User Interface for Knowledge Base Designers, AI Magazine, Vol. 3, No. 4 (Fall 1982), pp. 28-33.  Reprinted in Readings From The AI Magazine, Volumes 1-5, 1980-1985; edited by R. Engelmore; American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Menlo Park, California; 1988; pp 378-383.

R. Brachman, R. Fikes, and H. Levesque; KRYPTON: A Functional Approach to Knowledge Representation; IEEE Computer; October 1983.  Reprinted in Readings in Knowledge Representation; edited by R. J. Brachman and H. J. Levesque; Morgan Kaufmann, Los Altos, California; 1985, pp 411-429.

R. Fikes, A Commitment-Based Framework for Describing Informal Cooperative Work, Cognitive Science Journal, Vol. 6 (1982), pp. 331-347.  Also appears in the Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society; Berkeley, California; August 1981.

R. Fikes, Odyssey: A Knowledge-Based Assistant; Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 16 (1981), pp 331-361.

R. Fikes and A. Henderson, On Supporting the Use of Procedures in Office Work; Proceedings of the First Annual National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Stanford California, August 1980.

R. Fikes and G. Hendrix, A Network-Based Knowledge Representation and its Natural Deduction System, Proceedings of the 5th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1977, pp. 235-246.

R. Fikes, P. Hart, and B. Raphael; Themes in Automatic Problem Solving; IEEE Computer; May 1973; pp. 10-17.

R. Fikes, P. Hart, and N. Nilsson; Learning and Executing Generalized Robot Plans; Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 3, No. 4 (1972).  Reprinted in Readings in Artificial Intelligence, edited by B. L. Webber, and N. J. Nilsson, Tioga Publishing Company, Palo Alto, California, 1981.  Reprinted in Readings in Machine Learning, edited by J. W. Shavlik and T. G. Dietterich, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, California, 1990. Reprinted in Readings in Planning, edited by J. Allen, J. Hendler, and A. Tate, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, California, 1990.  Reprinted in Readings in Knowledge Acquisition and Learning, edited by B. G. Buchanan and D. C. Wilkins, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, California, 1993.

R. Fikes and N. Nilsson, STRIPS: A New Approach to the Application of Theorem Proving to Problem Solving, Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 2 (1971), pp 189-208.  Reprinted in Readings in Planning, edited by J. Allen, J. Hendler, and A. Tate, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo, California, 1990.  Reprinted in Computation and Intelligence: Collected Readings, edited by George F. Luger, AAAI Press, 1995.

R. Fikes, REF-ARF: A System for Solving Problems Stated as Procedures, Artificial Intelligence, Vol.1 (1970), pp. 27-120.

Refereed Conference Papers

R. Fikes, J. Jenkins, and G. Frank; JTP: A System Architecture and Component Library for Hybrid Reasoning; to appear in Proceedings of the 7th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics, and Informatics (SCI-2003); Orlando, Florida; July 27-30, 2003.

R. Fikes, J. Jenkins, & Q. Zhou; Including Domain-Specific Reasoners with Reusable Ontologies; to appear in Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Information and Knowledge Engineering (IKE’03); June 23-26, 2003; Las Vegas, Nevada.  http://ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-03-05.html

Deborah L. McGuinness, Richard Fikes, James Rice, and Steve Wilder; The Chimaera Ontology Environment; Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI 2000); Austin, Texas, July 30 - August 3, 2000.   http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/dmcguinness-aaai00-camera-ready.doc.

D. L. McGuinness, R. Fikes, J. Rice, & S. Wilde; An Environment for Merging and Testing Large Ontologies; Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning  (KR2000), Breckenridge, Colorado; April 2000.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-00-16 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-00-16.html).

V. K. Chaudhri, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, P. D. Karp, & J. P. Rice; OKBC: A Programmatic Foundation for Knowledge Base Interoperability; Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Madison, Wisconsin; July 26-30, 1998.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-98-08 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-08.html).

Y. Iwasaki, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, J. Rice; Web-Based Compositional Modeling System for Sharing of Physical Knowledge; Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence; NAGOYA, Aichi, Japan; August 23-29, 1997.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-98-17 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-17.html).

R. Fikes, A. Farquhar, J. Rice; Tools For Assembling Modular Ontologies in Ontolingua; Proceedings of the Fourteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Providence, Rhode Island; July 1997.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-97-03 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-97-03.html).

R. Fikes, A. Farquhar, W. Pratt; Information Brokers for Gathering Information from Heterogeneous Information Sources; Proceedings of the Ninth Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Symposium (FLAIRS '96), John H. Stewman [ed.]; pp. 192-197; Key West, Florida; May 1996.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-96-18 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-96-18.html).

S. Buvac and R. Fikes; A Declarative Formalization of Knowledge Translation; Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management; Baltimore, Maryland; November 1995.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-94-59 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-94-59.html).

J. Van Baalen and R. Fikes; The Role of Reversible Grammars in Translating Between Representation Languages; Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; Bonn, Germany; May 1994; pages 562-571.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-93-67 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-67.html).

Y. Iwasaki, R. Fikes, M. Vescovi, B. Chandrasekeran; How Things Are Intended to Work: Capturing Functional Knowledge in Device Design; in Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Chambery, France; August 1993.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-93-39 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-39.html).

M. Vescovi, Y. Iwasaki, R. Fikes, B. Chandrasekeran; CFRL: A Language for Specifying the Causal Functionality of Engineered Devices" in Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Washington, D.C.; July 1993.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-93-38 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-38.html).

R. Nado and R. Fikes, Semantically Sound Inheritance for a Formally Defined Frame Language With Defaults, Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Seattle Washington, 1987.

R. Brachman, R. Fikes, and H. Levesque; KRYPTON: Integrating Terminology and Assertion; Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Washington D.C.; 1983.

F. N. Tou, M. Williams, R. Fikes, A. Henderson, T. Malone; RABBIT: An Intelligent Database Assistant; Proceedings of the National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania; 1982, pp 314-318.

M. Williams, F. Tou, R. Fikes, A. Henderson, and T. Malone; RABBIT: Cognitive Science in Interface Design; Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 1982, pp. 82-85.

R. Fikes, Automating the Problem Solving in Procedural Office Work, in Proceedings of the AFIPS Office Automation Conference, Houston Texas, March 1981.

R. Fikes, Deductive Retrieval Mechanisms for State Description Models, Proceedings of the 4th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Tblisi USSR, 1975.

R. Fikes, P. Hart, and N. Nilsson; Some New Directions in Robot Problem Solving; Machine Intelligence 7; Edinburgh University Press; November 1972; pp 405-430.

R. Fikes, Monitored Execution of Robot Plans Produced by STRIPS, Proceedings of the IFIP Congress 71, Ljublijana Yugoslavia, 1971, pp 189-194.

R. Fikes, H. Lauer, and A. Vareha; Steps Toward a General Purpose Time-Sharing System Using Large Capacity Core Storage and TSS/360; Proceedings 1968 ACM National Conference; Las Vegas, Nevada; pp. 7-18.

Invited Papers

R. Fikes; Ontologies: What Are They, and Where's The Research?; Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; Cambridge, Massachusetts; November 5-8, 1996.

R. Patil, R. Fikes, P. Patel-Schneider, D. Mckay, T. Finin, T. Gruber, R. Neches; The DARPA Knowledge Sharing Effort: a Progress Report; in Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning; Cambridge, Massachusetts; October 25-29, 1992.  Also KSL Technical Report KSL 93-23 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-93-23.html).

R. Fikes, AI and Software Engineering -- Managing Exploratory Programming, Proceedings of the Eighth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Boston, Massachusetts, 1990.

R. Fikes, Beyond the Current Plateau: Knowledge Systems Futures, Artificial Intelligence Research Industry Report, New Science Associates, May 1989.

R. Fikes, Building the Foundation for Tomorrow's Expert Systems: Advances in Object-Oriented Modeling, Proceedings of the Fifth Australian Conference on Applications of Expert Systems; Sydney Australia, May 1989.

R. Fikes and T. Kehler, The Role of Frame-Based Knowledge Representation in Reasoning, Communications of the ACM, October 1985.

R. Fikes, Knowledge Representation in Automatic Planning Systems, in Perspectives on Computer Science, edited by A. K. Jones, Academic Press, 1977, pp. 63-75. Reprinted in Building Blocks of Artificial Intelligence, E. Feigenbaum editor, Addison-Wesley.

Workshops, Symposia, Technical Reports, Etc.

R. Fikes, P. Hayes, & I Horrocks (editors); DAML Query Language (DQL); The Joint United States / European Union ad hoc Agent Markup Language Committee; DARPA Agent Markup Language Program; April 2003.  http://www.daml.org/2003/04/dql/

R. Fikes, P. Hayes, & I Horrocks; DQL - A Query Language for the Semantic Web; Technical Report KSL-02-05; Knowledge Systems Laboratory, 2002.  http://ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-02-05.html

Richard Fikes, Deborah McGuinness, and Richard Waldinger; A First-Order Logic Semantics for Semantic Web Markup Languages; Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory Technical Report KSL-02-01 2002.  http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-02-01.html

Q. Zhou & R. Fikes; A Reusable Time Ontology; Proceedings of the Ontologies for the Semantic Web Workshop, AAAI 2002 National Conference.  (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-00-01.html)

Richard Fikes and Deborah L. McGuinness; An Axiomatic Semantics for RDF, RDF-S, and DAML+OIL; World Wide Web Committee (W3C) Note 18 December 2001.  Also available as KSL Technical Report KSL-01-01, 2001 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/daml-semantics/abstract-axiomatic-semantics.html).

R. Fikes; Providing Defaults in the Frames Portion of First-Order Logic Knowledge Bases; Knowledge Systems Laboratory, KSL-00-05; June 2000.  (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-00-05.html)

Y. Sun & R. Fikes; Creating Open, Sharable XML DTDs for Knowledge Representation And Bringing Enhanced Semantics to XML; Knowledge Systems Laboratory, KSL-99-11; August 1999.  (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-99-11.html)

S. McIlraith, G. Biswas, M. Fromherz, J. Howe, R. Fikes, D. Bobrow, M. Cutkosky, R. Engelmore, & T. Neller; Model-Enabled Control of Hybrid Systems; Knowledge Systems Laboratory, KSL-98-22; July 1998. (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-22.html)

T. Loeser, Y. Iwasaki, and R. Fikes; Safety Verification Proofs for Physical Systems; Proceedings of the Twelfth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning; Cape Cod, Massachusetts; May 26-29, 1998. Also, KSL Technical Report 98-14 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-14.html).

Y. Iwasaki, B. Choueiry, R. Engelmore, R. Fikes, T. Loeser, S. McIlraith, and T. Neller; Preliminary Thoughts Towards a Practical Theory of Reformulation for Reasoning About Physical Systems; Proceedings of the Twelfth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning; Cape Cod, Massachusetts; May 26-29, 1998.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-98-18 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-18.html).

B. Choueiry, S. McIlraith, Y. Iwasaki, T. Loeser, T. Neller, R. Engelmore, R. Fikes; Thoughts on a Practical Theory of Reformulation for Reasoning about Physical Systems; Working Notes of the Symposium on Abstraction, Reformulation and Approximation (SARA'98); Pacific Grove, USA; May 1998, pp. 25--36.

V. K. Chaudhri, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, P. D. Karp, and J. P. Rice; Open Knowledge Base Connectivity 2.0; Knowledge Systems Laboratory, KSL-98-06, January 1998 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-98-06.html).

V. K. Chaudhri, A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, P. D. Karp, and J. P. Rice; The Generic Frame Protocol 2.0; Knowledge Systems Laboratory, KSL-97-05, 1997 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-97-05.html).

Y. Iwasaki, R. Fikes, A. Farquhar, and R. Engelmore; Function-Based Engineering Part Retrieval; Working Notes of AAAI Workshop on Modeling and Reasoning with Function, August, 1996.

A. Farquhar, Y. Iwasaki, R. Fikes, D. Bobrow; A Compositional Modeling Language; Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning; Fallen Leaf Lake, California; May 21-24, 1996.

A. Farquhar, R. Fikes, W. Pratt, & J. Rice; Collaborative Ontology Construction for Information Integration; KSL Technical Report KSL-95-63; August 1995 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-95-63.html).

R. Fikes, R. Engelmore, A. Farquhar, & W. Pratt; Network-based Information Brokers; AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering from Distributed Heterogeneous Environments; 1995. Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-95-13 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-95-13.html).

A. Farquhar, A. Dappert, R. Fikes, & W. Pratt; Integrating Information Sources Using Context Logic; AAAI Spring Symposium on Information Gathering from Distributed Heterogeneous Environment; 1995.  Also, KSL Technical Report KSL-95-12 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-95-12.html).

A. Levy, R. Fikes, and Y. Sagiv; A Proof-Theoretic Approach to Irrelevance: Foundations and Applications; AAAI Fall Symposium on Relevance; November 1994.

Y. Iwasaki, R. Engelmore, G. Fehr, R. Fikes, A. Farquhar, T. Gruber; Operator Procedure Verification with a Rapidly Reconfigurable Simulator; Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on AI, Robotics, and Automation for Space, October 1994.

B. Falkenhainer, A. Farquhar, D. Bobrow, R. Fikes, K. Forbus, T. Gruber, Y. Iwasaki, B. Kuipers; Compositional Modeling  Language (CML) Specification and Reference Manual; KSL Technical Report KSL-94-16; 1994 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-94-16.html).

S. Buvac and R. Fikes; Semantics of Translation; Workshop on Knowledge Sharing and Information Interchange at the 13th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence; Chambery, France; August 1993.

R. Fikes, T. Gruber, Y. Iwasaki; The Stanford How Things Work Project; Seventh Annual Workshop on Space Operations Applications and Research; August 3-5, 1993. Earlier version also in proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Design from Physical Principles; October 23-25, 1992; pp. 167-176.

M. Genesereth and R. Fikes; Knowledge Interchange Format, Version 3.0 Reference Manual; Technical Report Logic-92-1, Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 1992. Also, KSL Technical Report 92-86 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-92-86.html)

R. Fikes, M. Cutkosky, T. Gruber, & J. Van Baalen; Knowledge Sharing Technology Project Overview; KSL Technical Report KSL-91-71, November 1991 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-91-71.html).

R. Fikes, T. Gruber, Y. Iwasaki, A. Levy, & P. Nayak; How Things Work Project Overview; KSL Technical Report KSL-91-70, November 1991 (http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/KSL_Abstracts/KSL-91-70.html).

R. Fikes, R. Hayes-Roth, and B. Chandrasekaran; Can AI Make Money?; interviews in IEEE Expert, Volume 6, Number 5; October 1991; pp 3-14.

W. Hamscher, R. Fikes, & A. Timmins, The Business Understander, Price Waterhouse Technology Centre internal report, December 1989.

R. Fikes, Integrating Hypertext and Frame-Based Domain Models; AAAI-88 Workshop on AI and Hypertext: Issues and Directions; St. Paul, Minnesota; August 1988.

R. Nado, J. Van Baalen, and R. Fikes; JOSIE: An Integration of Specialized Representation and Reasoning Tools; AAAI Spring Symposium; March 1991. Also appears in SIGART Bulletin, vol. 2, no. 3; 1991.

R. Fikes, Highlights from KloneTalk: Display-Based Editing and Browsing, Decompositions, Qua Concepts, and Active Role Value Maps; 1981 KL-One Workshop; edited by J. G. Schmolze and R. J. Brachman; Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., Report No. 4842, June 1982.

R. Fikes and M. Pease, An Interactive Management Support System for Planning, Control, and Analysis; Computer Science Group Technical Report 12, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, November 1975.